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2 Sheets Sheet 1.

C. F. PIKE Refrigerator.

Patented Jan. 1, 1867.

2- Sheets-Sheet 2.

C. F. PIKE.

Refrigerator.

Patented Jan. 1, 1867.

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IMPROVED REFRIGERATOR.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, CHARLES F. PIKE, of the city and county of Providence, in the State of Rhode Island,

' have invented a new and improved Self-VentilatingRefrigerator, for the preservation of meats or fish, poultry,

and all kinds of provisions, and other articles usually used or kept in a family, provision store, meat or fish market.

My invention is applicable to any use, either'for cutting and packing of beef and pork, in a packing-house, to railroads and vessels of all kinds, for the transportation of butter, beef, pork, fish, poultry, and all kinds of provisions and fruits. It is also applicable to a railroad-passenger'car, for the purpose of keeping it cool in the summer time and giving it a perfect ventilation. It is applicable to a' dead-house for the preservation of the dead, and to any and all other purposes that any refrigerator is applicable to or used for.

The nature of my invention consists in having a refrigerator or structure made in any of the usual wellknown forms, with a metal ice box or receptacle made of zinc, tinned copper, galvanized iron, or any equiva lent metal. To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my, invention, Iwill proceed to describe its constructions and operations.

Sheet 1, Figure 1,'is a side elevation of a refrigerator or structure, and contains aprovision chamber or room, A, fitted with shelves, racks, hooks, and fixtures, inwhich the articles to be refrigerated and preserved are to be placed. B is a slat fastened to the sides of the provisionchamber for the purpose of fastening hooks into it to hangtup articles to be refrigerated, or for the purpose of the shelves 0 to rest on. G is a perforated shelf that slidesto and fro on the slat B; these shelves may be made in slat form, or in any form that may be desired, allowing the air to pass freely through them; the object of the .shelves is to lay or set articles on to be refrigerated. 'D is the lids or doors to open into the provision chamber or room A; when the structure or room A-is high enough to admit of it, the doors may be on the sides or ends. E is a ventilator in the chamber or room A, and it may be made or cut through the. top or side of the provision chamber or room A in a round shape, oval, oblong, or in any other form, as may be desired, or it may be out throughthe inside casing, and a U-shaped pipe extending down through, between the inside and outside casing, and turning up, pas-s'between the inside and outside casing, and have its mouthopen on the top of the room, or on the back side of it. This ventilator may bean opening through the room orstructure A at any desired point, with a slide on the out or inside to open and shut; or this opening may be stopped with a damper constructed like unto a-damper in a stove pipe, as shown in the accompanying drawing, figs. I and. 2, in blue, ink, at the letter E. The better form to make and construct this ventilator out of this room or structure A, is to find out what sized opening is required to ventilate a room of such a number of cubic feet, and'have no damper at all, aflixing a piece of perforated tin orgauze wire over the opening to prevent flies from getting into the provision chamber or room A. F is a pipe made in the form of the letter U, and fastened on to the opening in the provision chamber or room A, for the purpose of ventilating that room or chamber; any other form or pipe may be used. G is the cover, lid,

or door to the ice' box or receptacle H, made in any of the usual forms to prevent the action of the external air from passing in on to the ice in the ice box or receptacle H, andto exclude the action of the heat from melting the ice in the box or receptacle H. H is the ice box or receptacle, with a flange turned over at the top of it to rest on the cleat M or on the casing N. This ice box or receptacle H is not confined to or.limited to any particular length, breadth, or depth only that it holds a supply of itself for twenty-four hours use. There is a space of three inches or more on each side and end of it. This ice box or receptacle II is made of tin, copper, galvanized iron, zinc, or any other equivalent metal, as thin as it can be made and sustain the weight, the more readily to radiate the cold from it. In the bottom of this ice box or receptacle H are openings of any desired number and size, to connect with the pipes or tubes JJ, or with the tubes or pipes II, and so on, until the space between the bottom of the ice box or receptacle H and the supports in the pan S is filled. This room that contains the ice box or receptacle H, pipes or tubes I and J, and its appendages, is raised above the level of the top of the provision chamber or room A, as shown in figs. 1 and 2. The top of this cover to the ice box or receptaele H may be on a level with the top of the provision chamber or room A, or at any other height that may be desired. I is a horizontal pipe or tube extending crosswise of the chamber A, of any convenient form or shape, either fastened one to the other, with holes in them to allow the ice or ice'and salt topass from one to the other,

or fastened direct to theice box or receptacle, or put in any other form. These tubes or pipes I are made of tinned copper, galvanized iron, zinc, or any other equivalent metal, as thin as it can be made and be strong enough to sustain the weight and pressure. The better way to connect these horizontal tubes or pipes I is, as shown in the drawing hereunto annexed, 'by the pipe J, and to the ice box or receptacle H; by this mode you have the most surface exposed to the action of the ice (or ice and salt) upon the ice box or receptacle H, tubes or pipes I and J. J is a pipe connecting the pipes I one to the other and to the ice box or receptacle H, as shown in the drawing hereto annexed. This pipe is made of the same metal as the ice box or receptacle H,

tube or pipe I. These'pipes Jmay be done away with, and any other mode of connecting the tubes or p'ipes I one to the other, and to the ice box or receptacle H, may be substituted for this mode in the drawing. K is an air pipe or tube passing down through the cover G to the ice box or receptacle H, through the ice box or recep tacle H and the bottom of the ice box or receptacle H down between the pipes or tubes I Iand J J to the top of the pan It: These pipes or tubes are soldered tight into the bottom of the ice box or receptacle H, so as to prevent any water or air passing from the ice' box or receptacle H'into the room around this pipe or tube K. The ends of this pipe or tube are open to admit the atmosphere into it at the top and discharge it at its bottom or lower end into the pan 1 and thence iiow into the provision chamber or room A. The object of so placing the pipe K in the ice box or receptacle H, and passing it down through the bottom of the ice box or receptacle H, and between the tubes or pipes I and J, is to cool the air and pass a cold atmosphere into the prcvision'chamber or room A for the purpose of ventilating; L is a pipe or tube passing down through the cover of the ice box or receptacle G, through the ice box or receptacle H, and inside of the pipe or; tube I and J, and opening into the pan R, to flow from that into the provision chamber A, while themoisturc that is in the air will be condensed on the pipe Land will flow or run into this pan, R, to pass oii'into the waste pipe instead of passing intothe provision chamber A; the object is to get the atmosphere colder as it passes into the provision chamberAand the provision chamber dryer. This pipe or tube L would always be surrounded with ice, or some part of it, where the refrigerator or structure was in operation. A coil of pipe may be laid into the ice'box or receptacle H, with one, end of it passing up out of the lid G, and the other end of it passing down through the bottom or side' of thc ice box or receptacle H, either inside or outside of it, which would be an equivalent to the pipes L and K, or there may be a coil of pipes placed between or on the outside of the pipes I and J, connected to the ice box or receptacle H, or it may be a coil running across from one side to the other of the structure, lying between the pipes Iand J, or on each side of them, with one end lasing up to admit fresh air, and the other end opening into the pan R, to flow from thence into the provision chamber A; the object being to get a fresh, cold atmosphere into the provision chamber'A, Any of these forms I consider an equivalent for the one in the drawing.,- M is a cleat, fastened to the side of the structure N for the fiang'e' at the top of the ice box or receptacle H to rest on, as shown in figs.' 1 and 2. N is the inside casing of the structure. O are the waste pipes that are fastened to the bottom of the pipes or tubes I to convey the melting of the ice from the ice box or receptacle H,pipes or tubes I and J. These pipes 0 may project up into the pipes or tubes I, at any required distance, to hold as much water in the pipes or tube I as may be desired, or they may be flush with the bottom of the tube or pipe I. P is a trap, fastened on to the pipe 0, that fills with water-to prevent the air from passing to or from the chamber. A. is the discharge pipe out of the trap P. Itreprcsents the pan that fits into the room or chamber A under the ice box or receptacle H, pipes or tubes I and J, extending crosswise of the chamber A, and extends out into the chamber A far enough to catch all the drip from the ice' box or-receptacle H or the pipes or tubes I and J, with the edge turned up. from four'tc six inches, more or less, on each side. The side andend nearest to the chamber A is made not perpendicular, but slanting, to allow the air to flow over it into the chamber A. i S are supporters that rest on the pan R, with notches cut in theni to allow a free flow of the water under them from one end of the pan to the other, and for the further purpose of the tubes or pipes I to rest on and support the weight of the ice box or receptacle H, tubes or pipes I and J; also to allow the air that-passes down from the ice box .or receptacle H, tubes or pipes'I and J, to flow under them into the chamber-A; also the air that passes from the inlet tubes K 'K for the ventilation toflow under these pipes or tubes I into, the provisimi chamber A.- V

Sheet 1, Figure 2, is an end elevation of the refrigerator or structure showing the ice box or receptacle H, clcat M for the top of the ice box to rcst on, tubes or pipes I and J, supporters S S S S for the tubes or pipes I'and J to rest on, pan R to catch the drip from the ice box or receptacle H, tubes or pipes I and J, also pipes K and L, cleats B for the hooks to be driven into or the shelves to rest. on, fresh-air pipes K and L, and ventilator pipe F, from out of chamber A, with tlie 'damper in blue ink" at the letter E, waste pipes O with the trapPJ Sheet 1, Figure 3, is a top view, with the cover G oii of the bottom of the icebox or receptacle H, showing,

the upper ends of the pipes or tubes J in the bottom of the ice box or receptacle H, with the ends of the freshair pipes K K K and letter Ina Figure 4, on same sheet, is a side view of the shape of the ventilating tube F.

Figure 5, on same sheet, is a top view of the tube or pipe F.

Figure 6, on thesarno sheet, is an edge view of the ventilating tube or pipe F.

Sheet 2, Figures 1, 2, and 3, is, another form of placing 'theventilating pipes K. In fig. Zthc pipe K passes up through the cover G, with the end left open passing down through'the ice box or receptacle H to the bottom of it, running along on the bottom of the ice boxer receptacle H to one end, thence making a curvc or partof a circle, asshown in fig. 1, to the other end of'the ice box or reeeptacle'gmaking anothercurve or'part of a circle, and running along, thence making another curve or part of a. circle, turning again and running to the centre of the ice box or receptacle H; an opening is made in the centre of the ice box or receptacle H for this pipe K to pass down through it, and thence pass down between the series of pipes or tubes II and JJ to the top of the pan R, with lhis end of the pipe opcn'to deliver the fresh atmosphere passing through this pipe into the pan 3 to flow into the provision chamber A; also to deliver into said pan It any moisture that may be inthe air while 7 taking this circuit through this pipe, that is condensed in the pipe or tube K, to pass off through the pipes O 0 into the trap P.

Figure Us a view of the bottom of the ice box or receptacle H, with the cover G oii', showing the ends to the tubes or pipes J J, and also the ventilating pipes K coiled on the bottom of the ice box or receptacle H as above described, the air passing as indicated by the arrows in the drawing. Any further description of the ice box orreceptacle H, pipcs'or tubes I I and J J of fig. 2 in this sheet, will be a repetition of the language'used in sheet 1 and fig. 2.

Figure 3, sheet 2, is aside elevation of the refrigerator, showing the room occupied by the ice box or receptacle H, with one side of the pipes or tubes Iland J J broken out to show the ventilating pipe K, to admit fresh atmosphere to the room A, and with one end of the provision chamber broken off. T T, in red ink, running crosswise from side to side of the chamber or room A, as shown in fig. 2. This sheet, in red ink, is a partition with an opening at the top and bottom, as shown in fig. 3, this sheet. This may or may not-be used; if it is used, it will cause a rotation of the air in the chamber A. As the ice box or receptacle H, and its appendage s, give-oh" their cold, it will flow into the chamber A, through the bottom opening in the partition IT and along the bottom of the chambcror room A, and will raise the light air; it Will be attracted by the cold from the ice box or receptacle H, through the upper opening of the partition T on to the ice box or receptacle Han d its appendages; it will there become cooled, fall to the bottom of the room containing the ice box or receptacle H and its appendages, and thence flow out again into the room A, through the bottom opening in the partition T, and as it becomes warm or heated it will again ascend and pass through the upper opening into the room occupied by the ioe'box or receptacle H and its appendages, and will so cont ue; as long as the room occupied by the ice box or receptacle H and its appendages is colder than the provision room A, the air will continue to rotate around this partition T up on one side and down on the other.

Figures 4, 5,'and 6, in sheet 2, is another form of the ventilating pipes K; The force or current of atmosphere through the pipe-K is indicated by the arrows. This pipe K, so far as regardsits construction in the ice box or receptacle H, is similarto fig. 1 in this same sheet; but after it passes 'd vn through the ice box or receptacle H, it passes from one side to the other, slanting, or on an incline, until it comes to the bottom, as shown in fig. 5. The'mou th or end of the pipe is open, to discharge its fresh, cold atmosphere and the moisture that is condensed in this pipe K fromthe air, taking this circuit through this pipe K to the pan R for the moisture to pass off. through the pipes 0 into the traps Rand the air to flow into the provision room A for the purpose of ventilating or supplying this room A with fresh, cold air, so as not to draw on the icebox-or receptacle H for any greater supply of cold air than is required to cool the room .A.. By this long transit of air through this pipe K, you super-cool it, and'deliver it into this room A as cold, or nearly so, as the air is in the chamberA, and thereby saving a great amount of your ice and freezing-mixture.

Figure 4 is a side elevation of the refrigerator, as described in sheet 1, plate 2, with one side of the pipes or tubes broken out to show the tube or pipe K.

Figure 6 is atop view of the ice box, as described in fig. 1, sheet The ice box or receptacle H may be so construotedon its sides or ends asto have a slot or round holes for the air to pass through from the provision chamber or room A into the ice box or receptacle H. The tubes or pipes I and J, near the bottom vof the .ohamber A, may be made with slots, holes,,or openings to allow the air topass out into the room or chamber A.

Having thus given a full, exact, anclminute description of my invention, I proceed to give directions to put the invention in operation; i

I place a given quantity of ice inthe ice box or receptacle H, either with or without mingling with it any salt or other well-known refrigerating material. 'When it isdesired to produce a very low'temperature, I use hard salt, and have found a proportion of twenty (20) pounds of hard coarse salt to eighty (80) pounds of ice to work aswell or better thaufany other proportion, though it may be used in any. other proportion. I also fill the pipes or tubes I I and J J with ice or ice and salt, orits equivalents, and thus set it in operation; the desired result is obtained in the provision chamber or structure What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is I 1. The horizontal tubes or pipesI, substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore specified.

2, I claim the. horizontal tubes or pipes I, in combination with the ice box H, with or without the upright pipes or tubes J, and pan R and its appendages and appurtenances, substantially in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore stated. p 3. I claim the air pipe K, and also the air pipe L, or their equivalents, in combination withv the ice box or receptacle H, the upright tubes or pipes J J,'or the horizontal tubes or pipes I, and also in. combination with either of them and with the pan R and its appurtenances, substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore stated.

CHARLES E. PIKE. Witnesses:

CHARLES SELDEN,

HENRY MARTIN. 

